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Synthesis of 1,4-diketones

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A Pd-catalyzed addition of organozinc reagents to enones in the presence of carbon monoxide provides 1,4-diketones in good yield. Cyclic and acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones as well as aldehydes can be converted.
D. W. Custar, H. Le, J. P. Morken, Org. Lett., 2010, 12, 3760-3763.


Conjugated addition of primary nitroalkanes to α,β-unsaturated ketones or α,β-unsaturated esters, in the presence of two equivalents of DBU, allows the one-pot prepration of γ-diketones or γ-keto esters, respectively. The reaction of 2-aryl-1-nitroethane derivatives with α,β-unsaturated ketones gives cyclopentenones.
R. Ballini, L . Barboni, G. Bosica, D. Fiorini, Synthesis, 2002, 2725-2728.


Oxidative addition of In/InCl3 to enones proceeds exclusively in aqueous media and leads to water-tolerant, ketone-type indium homoenolates. The synthetic utility of the indium homoenolates was demonstrated through the synthesis of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds via palladium-catalyzed coupling with acid chlorides.
Z.-L. Shen, K. K. K. Goh, H.-L. Cheong, C. H. A. Wong, Y.-C. Lai, Y.-S. Yang, T.-P. Loh, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 15852-15855.


A Michael addition type reaction between aroyl chlorides and chalcones was realized in the presence of samarium metal in N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent. Various 1,4-diketones were synthesized in moderate to good yields. A possible mechanism is also discussed.
Y. Liu, Y. Li, Y. Qi, J. Wan, Synthesis, 2010, 4188-4192.