Friedlaender Synthesis

The starting materials for this quinoline synthesis are o-aminoaryl aldehydes or ketones and a ketone possessing an α-methylene group. After an initial amino-ketone condensation, the intermediate undergoes base- or acid-catalyzed cyclocondensation to produce a quinoline derivative.

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Mechanism of the Friedlaender Synthesis

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Recent Literature

Rapid and efficient synthesis of poly-substituted quinolines assisted by p-toluene sulphonic acid under solvent-free conditions: comparative study of microwave irradiation versus conventional heating
C.-S. Jia, Z. Zhang, S.-J. Tu, G.-W. Wang, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2006, 4, 104-110.

Molecular iodine: a highly efficient catalyst in the synthesis of quinolines via Friedländer annulation
J. Wu, H.-G. Xia, K. Gao, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2006, 4, 126-129.

Silver Phosphotungstate: A Novel and Recyclable Heteropoly Acid for Friedländer Quinoline Synthesis
J. S. Yadav, B. V. S. Reddy, P. Sreedhar, R. S. Rao, K. Nagaiah, Synthesis, 2004, 2381-2385.

Efficient and Rapid Friedlander Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines Catalyzed by Neodymium(III) Nitrate Hexahydrate
R. Varala, R. Enugala, S. R. Adapa, Synthesis, 2006, 3825-3830.

Ionic Liquid-Promoted Regiospecific Friedlander Annulation: Novel Synthesis of Quinolines and Fused Polycyclic Quinolines
S. S. Palimkar, S. A. Siddiqui, T. Daniel, R. J. Lahoti, K. V. Srinivasan, J. Org. Chem., 2003, 68, 9371-9378.

Highly Regioselective Friedländer Annulations with Unmodified Ketones Employing Novel Amine Catalysts: Syntheses of 2-Substituted Quinolines, 1,8-Naphthyridines, and Related Heterocycles
P. G. Dormer, K. K. Eng, R. N. Farr, G. H. Humphrey, J. C. McWilliams, P. J. Reider, J. W. Sager, R. P. Volante, J. Org. Chem., 2003, 68, 467-477.