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Synthesis of cyclobutenes

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The use of sterically hindered cationic Au(I) complexes as catalysts enables a regioselective, intermolecular reaction of terminal alkynes with alkenes to give cyclobutenes.
V. López-Carrillo, A. M. Echavarren, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 9292-9294.


Cobalt-catalyzed transformations of cyclic alkenes such as cyclopentene and cycloheptene with internal alkynes led to a chemoselective Alder-ene or a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction depending on the electronic nature of the alkyne and the bite angle of a bidentate phosphine ligand used.
G. Hilt, A. Paul, J. Treutwein, Org. Lett., 2010, 12, 1536-1539.