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Synthesis of imides

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A convenient, efficient, and selective N-Alkylation of N-acidic heterocyclic compounds with alkyl halides is accomplished in ionic liquids in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a base. In this manner, phthalimide, indole, benzimidazole, and succinimide can be successfully alkylated.
Z.-G. Le, Z.-C. Chen, Y. Hu, Q.-G. Zheng, Synthesis, 2004, 208-212.


Copper acetate promoted N-arylation of imides with boronic acids can be employed as a major method for the synthesis of N3-aryl hydantoins.
H. M. Hügel, C. J. Rix, K. Fleck, Synlett, 2006, 2290-2292.