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Synthesis of butenolides

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The ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis of methallyl acrylates gave 4-Methyl-5-alkyl-2(5H)-furanones in good to high yields. Despite the electron deficiency of both double bonds in the starting acrylates, the first-generation Grubbs' catalyst proved to be an effective catalyst for the ring closure.
M. Bassetti, A. D'Annibale, A. Fanfoni, F. Minissi, Org. Lett., 2005, 7, 1805-1808.


A new and convenient one-pot catalytic addition-elimination reaction converted a range of (E)-3-butenoic acids into the corresponding butenolides in good yields in the presence of 5 mol % diphenyl diselenide and [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene in acetonitrile.
D. M. Browne, O. Niyomura, T. Wirth, Org. Lett., 2007, 9, 3169-3171.


A sequential rhodium-catalyzed addition/lactonization reaction of organoboron derivatives to alkyl 4-hydroxy-2-alkynoates allows the synthesis of 4-aryl/heteroaryl/vinyl-2(5H)-furanones with an excellent control of regio- and chemoselectivity.
M. Alfonsi, A. Arcadi, M. Chiarini, F. Marinelli, J. Org. Chem., 2007, 72, 9510-9517.


Tetronic acids substituted by various groups were synthesized in one pot from the corresponding aryl- or heteroarylacetic acid esters and hydroxyacetic acid esters, by a tandem process involving a transesterification and a subsequent Dieckmann cyclization.
A. Mallinger, T. Le Gall, C. Mioskowski, Synlett, 2008, 386-388.


A one-pot, convenient and general access to 5-sp2-substituted and 5,5-disubstituted tetronic acids embodies two consecutive chemical events: a Michael addition of pyrrolidine on a secondary or tertiary γ-hydroxy-α,β-alkynyl ester derivative to give the corresponding enamine, and a subsequent acid-catalyzed hydrolysis-lactonization.
D. Tejedor, A. Santos-Expósito, F. García-Tellado, Synlett, 2006, 1607-1609.


A highly efficient carbon-carbon triple bond cleavage reaction of (Z)-enynols offered a new route to highly substituted butenolides through a gold(I)-catalyzed tandem cyclization/oxidative cleavage.
Y. Liu, F. Song, S. Guo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128, 11332-11333.


γ-Methylene-α,β-unsaturated γ-lactones were efficiently synthesized by a Pd-catalyzed cyclization of 3,4-alkadienoic acids. The use of a N2 atmosphere ensures a high purity of the products.
S. Ma, F. Yu, Tetrahedron, 2005, 61, 9896-9901.


The facile iodolactonisation of ethyl 2,3-allenoates with I2 in aqueous MeCN gave 4-iodofuran-2(5H)-ones in moderate to high yields.
C. Fu, S. Ma, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2005, 3942-3945.

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4-tosyl-2(5H)-furanone is easy to prepare in excellent yield and more stable than the corresponding triflate. A palladium catalyzed reaction between 4-tosyl-2(5H)-furanone and boronic acids gives 4-substituted 2(5H)-furanones.
J. Wu, Q. Zhu, L. Wang, R. Fathi, Z. Yang, J. Org. Chem., 2003, 68, 670-673.