Solvent-Free and One-Step Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketones and Aldehydes by Zinc Oxide
Hashem Sharghi*, Mona Hosseini
*Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz
71454, I.R. Iran, Email: shashem
chem.susc.ac.ir
H. Sharghi, M. Hosseini, Synthesis, 2002, 1057-1059.
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-31964
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Abstract
In the presence of zinc oxide and without any additional organic solvents, Beckmann rearrangement of several ketones and aldehydes were performed in good yields.
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Details
The document discusses a novel, solvent-free, and one-step method for the Beckmann rearrangement of ketones and aldehydes using zinc oxide (ZnO) as a catalyst. This method, developed by Hashem Sharghi and Mona Hosseini, offers an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods that require strong acids and organic solvents, which often result in byproducts and corrosion issues. The process involves mixing the ketone or aldehyde with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and ZnO, then heating the mixture at 140-170°C. The reaction yields amides or lactams in good to excellent yields, with high selectivity, especially for symmetrical ketones. The method also efficiently converts aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to primary amides. The use of ZnO is highlighted for its ease of use, non-hazardous nature, and cost-effectiveness. The document includes detailed experimental results, showing the effectiveness of the method across various substrates. This approach not only simplifies the reaction procedure but also aligns with green chemistry principles by eliminating the need for harmful solvents and reducing environmental impact.
Key Words
zinc oxide, Beckmann rearrangement, oximes, aldehyde, ketone
ID: J66-Y2002-1540
