Categories: Organic Chemistry >> Synthesis >> Organometallics, Solvents

Metal Catalysed Reactions in Ionic Liquids

Description

This book represents first non-edited book on the subject of metal catalysed reactions in ionic liquids and covers the literature from its origins until early 2005. Following a general introduction to the field of biphasic/mutliphasic catalysis, the synthesis, functionalisation and fundamental properties of ionic liquids relevant to catalysis are described. In the ensuing chapters catalysed reactions are discussed according to their type, encompassing hydrogenation, hydroformylation, oxidation, C-C coupling reactions, metathesis, dimerisation, polymerisation and more. Trends, generalisations, advantages and disadvantages of ionic liquids for specific reaction types are discussed. Specific processes such as supported ionic liquid phase catalysis, continuous processes using CO₂ extraction and nanoparticle catalysis are covered. The book should be of interest to all those working in catalysis/green chemistry, in particular, to advanced level undergraduate and graduate students and all those researching or contemplating research in bi- or multiphasic catalysis using ionic liquids.

Editorial Review

The subjects of catalysis with transition metals and ionic liquids are on the cutting edge, and find ready application in current research. “Metal-catalyzed Reactions in Ionic Liquids” comes at the crossroads between these two areas, yet such an approach makes it possible to illuminate the area from the perspectives of both individual fields in a way that is missing from the larger monographs that focus on one of these two main themes.

This book is easy to read and explains the physical and chemical properties of ionic solvents in great detail, especially as concerns the properties that are critical for metal-catalyzed reactions such as inertness, gas solubility and the immobilization of catalysts. In addition, the reactions themselves are illustrated in a brief introduction that includes mechanistic explanations and the current state of the art, as well as the scope of possible applications.

In this respect, the book is suitable either for specialists from each of these areas or for students, since the fundamentals of both ionic liquids and metal-catalyzed reactions are covered in sufficient depth. The explanations are easy to understand and selected specific reaction examples are well described. Significantly more emphasis is placed on the explanations, however, and each one of the large number of current literature citations is described in two or three sentences in a tabular format.

Good introductions are provided throughout this book, representative examples or particularly interesting techniques are illuminated in detail, and the large number of literature citations are handled in a minimum of space. Whether initially interested in metal-catalyzed reactions or ionic liquids, this monograph offers both students and researchers an eminently readable and concise overview that makes the key fundamentals of “metal catalysed reactions in ionic liquids” accessible to the reader, thereby facilitating a transition to original research in the field.

Contents

Introduction: A Brief History of Biphasic Catalysis.- The Importance of Biphasic Catalysis.- The Alternatives to Aqueous-Organic Biphasic Processes.- Key Developments in the Chemistry of Ionic Liquids.- General Properties of Ionic Liquids that Lend Themselves to Catalysis.-References.- Ionic Liquids – Properties and Preparation: Introduction.- Composition and Physical Properties of Ionic Liquids.- Synthesis of Ionic Liquids.- Functionalised Ionic Liquids.- Toxicological and Environmental Concerns.- References.- Hydrogenation: Introduction.- Hydrogen Solubility in Ionic Liquids.- Ionic Liquids in Hydrogenation Reactions.- Ionic Liquids in Hydrogenation Reactions.- Nanoparticle Catalysts.- Supported Ionic Liquid Catalysis. Supported Ionic Liquid Catalysis.-References.- Hydroformylation: Introduction.- Gas and Substrate Solubility in Ionic Liquids .- Hydroformylation in Ionic Liquids.- Ligand Design.- Influence of the Solvent.- Special Processes.- Outlook.- References.- Oxidation Reactions: Oxidants.- Ionic Liquids for Oxidation Reactions.- Oxidation of Alkenes.- Oxidation of Alcohols and Thiols.- Other Oxidation Reactions.- Conclusion.- References.- Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions: Introduction.- Catalyst Stability in Ionic Liquid Mediated.- Heck Coupling Reactions.- Other Palladium Catalysed Cross-Coupling Reactions.- Allylic Alkylation.- References.- Olefin Metathesis: Introduction.- General Considerations.- Task-Specific Catalysts.- Ring -Opening Polymerisation.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- Dimerisation – Polymerisation: Dimerisation and Oligomerisation.- Polymerisation.- References.- Miscellaneous Reactions.- Halogenation and De-Halogenation.- Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds.- Aromatic Substitution Reactions.- Cycloadditions.- Isomerisation and Rearrangements.- Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- Index.- Abbreviations