Further Information
Literature
Related Reactions
Cannizzaro Reaction
Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley
Oppenauer Oxidation
Tishchenko Reaction
The Tishchenko Reaction is a disproportionation reaction that allows the preparation of esters from two equivalents of an aldehyde.
Mechanism of the Tishchenko Reaction
The aluminium alkoxide acts as a Lewis acid to coordinate with one molecule of the aldehyde, and to facilitate the addition of a second equivalent of aldehyde, generating a hemiacetal intermediate:
This species undergoes an intramolecular 1,3-hydride shift that results in the production of the aluminium-coordinated ester.
A potential side reaction is the involvement of one of the alkoxide groups from the catalyst:
This can be minimised, if the reaction is conducted at low temperatures and low catalyst loadings.
Recent Literature
Nickel-Catalyzed Selective Conversion of Two Different Aldehydes to
Cross-Coupled Esters
Y. Hoshimoto, M. Ohashi, S. Ogoshi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011,
133, 4668-4671.
The Thiolate-Catalyzed Intermolecular Crossed Tishchenko Reaction: Highly
Chemoselective Coupling of Two Different Aromatic Aldehydes
S. P. Curran, S. J. Connon, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012,
51, 10866-10870.
Lithium Bromide as a Flexible, Mild, and Recyclable Reagent for Solvent-Free
Cannizzaro, Tishchenko, and Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reactions
M. M. Mojtahedi, E. Akbarzadeh, R. Sharifi, M. S. Abaee, Org. Lett., 2007,
9, 2791-2793.
Catalytic Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) and Oppenauer (OPP) Reactions:
Remarkable Acceleration of the Hydride Transfer by Powerful Bidentate Aluminum
Alkoxides
T. Ooi, T. Miura, Y. Itagaki, H. Ichikawa, K. Maruoka, Synthesis,
2002, 279-291.
Selenide Ions as Catalysts for Homo- and Crossed-Tishchenko Reactions of
Expanded Scope
S. P. Curran, S. J. Connon, Org. Lett., 2012,
14, 1074-1077.
Rare Earth Amide-Catalyzed Direct Thioesterification of Aldehydes with
Thiols under Mild Conditions
N. Ismaeel, S. Imran, X. Zhu, J. Chen, D. Yuan, Y. Yao, Org. Lett., 2023, 25,
8672-8676.
Stereoselective Synthesis of δ-Lactones from 5-Oxoalkanals via One-Pot
Sequential Acetalization, Tishchenko Reaction, and Lactonization by Cooperative
Catalysis of Samarium Ion and Mercaptan
J.-L. Hsu, J.-M. Fang, J. Org. Chem., 2001,
66, 8573-8584.
Nucleophile- or Light-Induced Synthesis of 3-Substituted Phthalides from
2-Formylarylketones
D. C. Gerbino, D. Augner, N. Slavoy, H.-G. Schmalz, Org. Lett., 2012,
14, 2338-2341.
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol-Tishchenko Reaction
V. Gnanadesikan, Y. Horiuchi, T. Ohshima, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 7782-7783.