Categories: C-N Bond Formation > Amines >
Synthesis of allylic amines
Related |
Name Reactions
Recent Literature
A dehydrative allylation of allyl alcohol with amines provides various
allyl amines in the presence of MoO3/TiO2 as solid catalyst. The catalyst can be
reused three times without loss of activity.
Y. Kon, T. Nakashima, T. Fujitani, T. Murayama, W. Ueda, Synlett, 2019,
30,
287-292.
A phosphine-borane compound is an effective ligand for palladium-catalyzed
direct allylic amination of allylic alcohols with secondary amines in short
reaction times at room temperature.
G. Hirata, H. Satomura, H. Kumagae, A. Shimizu, G. Onodera, M. Kimura, Org. Lett.,
2017, 19, 6148-6151.
The use of aqueous ammonia is essential for a palladium-catalyzed allylic
amination for the preparation of primary amines. It is noteworthy that ammonia
gas did not react at all. The first catalytic asymmetric synthesis using aqueous
ammonia as a nitrogen source has also been demonstrated.
T. Nagano, S. Kobayashi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008,
131, 4200-4201.
Phosphinoamide-scaffolded heterobimetallic palladium-titanium complexes are
highly effective catalysts for allylic aminations of allylic chlorides with
hindered secondary amine nucleophiles. Various sterically bulky secondary amines
are efficiently allylated in high yields with low catalyst loadings. Piperidine
and pyrrolidine products are also efficiently generated via intramolecular
aminations.
W. K. Walker, D. L. Anderson, R. W. Stokes, S. J. Smith, D. J. Michaelis, Org. Lett.,
2015,
17, 752-755.
A Facile Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Preparation of N-Tosyl
Allylic Amines from Allylic Alcohols and Tosyl Isocyanate via
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Aminopalladation-β-Heteroatom Elimination
A. Lei, X. Lu,
Org. Lett., 2000, 2, 2357-2360.
An iridium-catalyzed allylic amination of branched and linear allylic carbonates
provides branched amines in high selectivity. The use of a polar solvent such as
EtOH is essential for obtaining products in high yield. Both secondary and
primary amines could be used for this reaction. When a primary amine was used,
selective monoallylation occurred.
R. Takeuchi, N. Ue, K. Tanabe, K. Yamashita, N. Shiga, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001,
123, 9525-9534.
The reactivity of thianthrene-based nitrogen
sources enables allylic amination of alkenes to directly afford
alkyl allylamines. Iminothianthrenes can be prepared from primary amines in a single
step.
Q. Cheng, J. Chen, S. Lin, T. Ritter, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2020, 142, 17287-17293.
The combination of a palladium catalyst, a bidentate phosphine ligand, and
duroquinone enables a catalytic intermolecular oxidative amination of
unactivated olefins with primary aliphatic amines provides a range of
secondary allylic amines in good yields with excellent regio- and
stereoselectivity. The reaction proceeds by allylic C(sp3)-H
activation and nucleophilic amination.
M. Li, Y. Jin, Y. Chen, W. Wu, H. Jiang, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2023, 145, 9448-9453.
An iridium complex catalyzes pH-dependent selective N-allylation or
N-alkylation of amines with allylic alcohols in outstanding yields with
water as the environmental benign solvent.
N. Luo, Y. Zhong, H. Shui, R. Luo, J. Org. Chem., 2021, 86,
15509-15521.
A visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed homologative three-component
synthesis of a broad range of allylic amines involves two distinct cycles
enabled by the same Pd(0) catalyst: a visible light-induced hybrid radical alkyl
Heck reaction between 1,1-dielectrophile and styrene, followed by the "in dark"
classical Tsuji-Trost-type allylic substitution reaction.
N. Kvasovs, J. Fang, F. Kliuev, V. Gevorgyan, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2023, 145, 18497-18505.
The combination of Pd(OAc)2/P(OPh)3 catalyzed
Tsuji-Trost-type allylic aminations under aerobic conditions at very low
catalyst loadings. Both aromatic and aliphatic secondary amines were transformed
into the corresponding allylic amines in the presence of allylic phosphates as
electrophiles. Other electrophiles, such as allylic acetate and carbonate, were
marginally reactive.
T. Yurino, S. Saito, M. Ichihashi, T. Ohkuma, J. Org. Chem., 2022, 87,
2864-2872.
The combination of Mg2+ and PF6- as
counteranion catalyzes a transition-metal-free dehydrative cross-coupling of
unactivated primary/secondary alcohols with amines/amides under environmentally
benign conditions. A wide range of allylic alcohols and amines/amides were
tolerated well in this efficient transformation.
H. Xing, M. Chen, D. Zhang, Z. Geng, P. Xie, T.-P. Loh, Org. Lett.,
2022, 24, 5657-5662.
A planar
chiral indenyl rhodium complex for enantioselective C-H functionalization
catalysis is capable
of catalyzing an asymmetric allylic C-H amidation of unactivated olefins,
delivering a wide range of high-value enantioenriched allylic amide products in
good yields with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity.
C. M. B. Farr, A. M. Kazerouni, B. Park, C. D. Poff, J. Won, K. R. Sharp,
M.-H. Baik, S. B. Blakey, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2020, 142, 13996-14004.
Ir(III) catalysis enables an efficient intermolecular branch-selective
allylic C-H amidation in good yields and regioselectivities. The reaction
proceeds through initial allylic C-H activation followed by a subsequent
oxidative amidation with readily available dioxazolones as nitrenoid precursors.
H. Lei, T. Rovis, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2019,
141, 2268-2273.
A
metal-free allylic amination of alkenes with simple sulfonamides and sulfamates allows the introduction of a wide
range of nitrogen functionality at the allylic position of alkenes with unique
regioselectivity and no allylic transposition in the presence of phosphine selenides or selenoureas
as catalysts.
W. P. Teh, D. C. Obenschain, B. M. Black, F. E. Michael, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2020, 142, 16716-16722.
The Z geometry of methyl (Z)-3-monosubstituted-2-alkenyl
carbonate was completely retained in iridium complex-catalyzed allylic
amination. Various (Z)-allylic amines were obtained in high selectivity
by allylic amination of methyl (Z)-3-monosubstituted-2-alkenyl carbonate.
R. Takeuchi, N. Shiga,
Org. Lett., 1999, 1, 265-267.
Primary and secondary allylic alcohols underwent a regioselective Mitsunobu
reaction with readily accessible N-Boc ethyl oxamate to deliver the
corresponding N-Boc allylic amines. Subsequent N-methylation and
Boc deprotection without chromatography yielded the amine products as
hydrochloride salts.
B. C. van Veen, S. M. Wales, J. Clayden, J. Org. Chem., 2021, 86,
8538-8543.
A cobalt-catalyzed allylation of amides with styrenes, in which DMSO was used
as both the solvent and the α-methylene source, provides privileged allylic
amines in high yields, and selectivity for the (E)-isomer of the linear
product.
X. Zhang, Z. Zhou, H. Xu, X. Xu, X. Yu, W. Yi,
Org. Lett., 2019, 21, 7248-7253.
A simple Re2O7-catalyzed direct dehydrative coupling
between π-activated alcohols with electron-deficient amines has been
achieved under mild and open flask conditions. The protocol alows the conversion
of allylic, benzylic, and propargylic alcohols. The mechanistic proof for the SN1-type
process has also been provided.
B. G. Das, R. Nallagonda, P. Ghorai, J. Org. Chem., 2012,
77, 5577-5583.
A robust and convenient molybdenum-catalyzed regioselective allylic amination
of tertiary allylic carbonates provides α,α-disubstituted allylic amines in high
yield with complete regioselectivity in ethanol as green solvent. Both aromatic
and aliphatic amines react with various tertiary allylic alcohol derivatives.
The catalyst can be recycled through simple centrifugation techniques.
S. Khan, M. Salman, Y. Wang, J. Zhang, A. Khan, J. Org. Chem., 2023, 88,
11992-11999.
Iridium catalysts derived from a phosphoramidite containing a biphenolate
group, one distal chiral substituent at nitrogen and a large achiral
cycloalkyl group were shown to react in all cases examined with nearly the
same rates, regioselectivities, and enantioselectivities as catalysts
derived from the previously reported, more elaborate ligands.
A. Leitner, S. Shekhar, M. J. Pouy, J. F. Hartwig, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2005,
127, 15506-15514.
Palladium-catalyzed isomerization of readily accessible racemic, branched
aromatic allylic esters to terminal allylic esters, followed by sequential
iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution, gave branched allylic amines, ethers,
and alkyls in good yield with high regioisomeric and enantiomeric selectivity.
S. Shekhar, B. Trantow, A. Leitner, J. F. Hartwig, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006,
128, 11770-11771.
The allylic amination and etherification of a broad range of allylic
carbonates occurred in high yields and with high regioselectivities and
enantioselectivities with an activated metallacyclic
iridium
catalyst containing a bis-naphthethylamino
group.
A. Leitner, C. Shu, J. F. Hartwig, Org. Lett., 2005,
7, 1093-1096.
An iridium-catalyzed enantioselective
allylic amination of (E)-cinnamyl and terminal aliphatic allylic carbonates
using chiral phosphoramidites as ligands
provided branched secondary and tertiary allylic amines in high yields with
excellent regio- and enantioselectivity. Reactions in THF displayed the most suitable
balance of rate and enantioselectivity.
T. Ohmura, J. F. Hartwig, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002,
124, 15164-15165.
Robust air-stable cyclometalated π-allyliridium C,O-benzoates modified by (S)-tol-BINAP
catalyze an enantioselective allylic amination of racemic alkyl-substituted
allylic acetates with secondary aliphatic amines with high levels of
enantioselectivity and complete branched regioselectivity.
W.-O. Jung, M. Yoo, M. M. Migliozzy, J. R. Zbieg, C. E. Stivala, M. J.
Krische, Org. Lett., 2022, 24,
441-445.
A cobalt-catalyzed highly branched- and enantioselective allylic amination of
racemic branched allylic carbonates bearing alkyl groups with both aromatic and
aliphatic amines provides allylic amines in high yields with exclusively
branched selectivity and excellent enantioselectivities under mild reaction
conditions.
S. Ghorai, S. S. Chirke, W.-B. Xu, J.-F. Chen, C. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2019,
141, 11430-11434.
An air- and water-stable π-allyliridium complex catalyzes highly regio- and enantioselective Tsuji-Trost-type
aminations of racemic branched alkyl-substituted allylic acetates with primary
or secondary (hetero)aromatic amines.
S. W. Kim, L. A. Schwartz, J. R. Zbieg, C. E. Stivala, M. J. Krische, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2019,
141, 671-676.
Chiral bis(oxazoline)alkynylphosphine ligands can be used in Rh-catalyzed highly regio- and enantioselective allylic amination
reactions of racemic 1,2-disubstituted allylic phosphates to provide chiral 1,2-disubstituted
allylic amines in very good yield with >20:1 branched/linear ratio and
excellent ee.
W.-B. Xu, M. Sun, M. Shu, C. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2021, 143, 8255-8260.
An efficient aerobic linear allylic C-H amination under palladium(II)/bis-sulfoxide/Brřnsted
base catalysis operates under operationally simple conditions (1 equiv of olefin,
1 atm O2 or air) with reduced catalyst loadings while providing higher turnovers
and product yields than systems employing stoichiometric benzoquinone (BQ) as
the terminal oxidant.
C. P. Pattillo, I. I. Strambeanu, P. Calleja, N. A. Vermeulen, T. Mizuno, M.
C. White, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016,
138, 1265-1272.
A direct catalytic amination of allylic alcohols without the use of activating
reagents is promoted by the combination of platinum and the large bite-angle
ligand DPEphos. The use of the DPEphos ligand was essential for obtaining high
catalyst activity and high monoallylation selectivity of primary amines,
allowing the formation of various monoallylated products in good yield.
M. Utsunomiya, Y. Miyamoto, J. Ipposhi, T. Ohshima, K. Mashima, Org. Lett., 2007,
9, 3371-3374.
A ligand-free copper-catalyzed hydroamination of allenes with cyclic secondary
amines or anilines derivatives provides (E)-allylamines under smooth
conditions with total regio- and stereoselectivity.
R. Blieck, J. Bahri, M. Taillefer, F. Monnier, Org. Lett., 2016, 18,
1482-1485.
A rhodium-catalyzed regioselective amination of tertiary allylic
trichloroacetimidates with unactivated aromatic amines is a direct and efficient
approach to the preparation of α,α-disubstituted allylic aryl amines in good
yield and with excellent regioselectivity. This method enables the conversion of
unactivated primary and secondary amines and the preparation of reverse
prenylated indoles in two steps.
J. S. Arnold, G. T. Cizio, H. M. Nguyen, Org. Lett., 2011,
13, 5576-5579.
The use of a carbodicarbene-based pincer ligand scaffold enables a
site-selective Rh(I)-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of 1,3-dienes with
aryl and alkyl amines. Transformations proceed in the presence of 1.0-5.0 mol %
Rh complex at 35 - 120 °C; allylic amines are obtained in up to 97% yield and
with >98:2 site selectivity.
M. J. Goldfogel, C. C. Roberts, S. J. Meek, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014,
136, 6227-6230.
A modular, practical,
and general palladium-catalyzed, radical three-component coupling enables selective
1,4-difunctionalization of unactivated 1,3-dienes, such as butadiene, by employing different commercially available nitrogen-, oxygen-,
sulfur-, or carbon-based nucleophiles and unactivated alkyl bromides.
H.-M. Huang, P. Bellotti, P. M. Pfüger, J. L. Schwarz, B. Heidrich, F.
Glorius, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2020, 142, 10173-10183.
A combination of N-bromoimide and DBU enables allylic amination reactions
of alkenes, in which both internal and external nitrogen nucleophiles can be
installed directly. Dual activation of NBS or NBP by DBU leads to more
electrophilic bromine and more nucleophilic nitrogen atoms simultaneously. This
protocol provides a complementary access to allylic amination under mild
conditions.
Y. Wei, F. Liang, X. Zhang, Org. Lett., 2013,
15, 5186-5189.
A gold(I)-catalyzed decarboxylative amination of allylic N-tosylcarbamates
via base-induced aza-Claisen rearrangement in H2O allows the
synthesis of substituted N-tosyl allylic amines in good yield,
regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity. This transformation represents an
efficient and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of N-tosyl
allylic amines.
D. Xing, D. Yang, Org. Lett., 2010,
12, 1068-1071.
An oxidative decarboxylation of β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids mediated by
PhI(OAc)2 gives the corresponding allylic acetates. In addition, a
decarboxylative C-N bond formation was achieved. Mechanistic studies suggest an
unique reactivity of hypervalent iodine reagents in this ionic oxidative
decarboxylation.
K. Kiyokawa, S. Yahata, T. Kojima, S. Minakata, Org. Lett.,
2014,
16, 4646-4649.
A rhodium-catalyzed regioselective amination of secondary allylic
trichloroacetimidates with unactivated aromatic amines gives N-arylamines
in high yields and regioselectivity, favoring the branched amination products.
The presence of the trichloroacetimidate leaving group was found to be critical
for successful regioselective amination reactions with unactivated aromatic
amines.
J. S. Arnold, R. F. Stone, H. M. Nguyen, Org. Lett., 2010,
12, 4580-4583.
Reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones with the InCl3/Et3SiH/MeOH
system is highly chemoselective and can be applied to various cyclic, acyclic,
aromatic, and aliphatic amines. Functionalities including ester, hydroxyl,
carboxylic acid, and olefin are tolerated.
O.-Y. Lee, K.-L. Law, C.-Y. Ho, D. Yang, J. Org. Chem., 2008,
73, 8829-8837.
A direct reaction between carbamates and achiral allylic carbonates to form
branched, conveniently protected primary allylic amines with high
regioselectivity and enantioselectivity occurs without base in the presence of a
metalacyclic iridium catalyst containing a labile ethylene ligand.
D. J. Weix, D. Marković, M. Ueda, J. F. Hartwig, Org. Lett., 2009,
11, 2944-2947.
Hydroamination of substituted allenes with benzyl carbamate catalyzed by (NHC)AuCl and AgOTf in dioxane led to isolation
of allylic carbamates in good yield as single
regio- and diastereomers.
R. E. Kinder, Z. Zhang, R. A. Widenhoefer, Org. Lett.,
2008,
10, 3157-3159.
A protocol for the dehydrative amination of alcohols in water using a
water-soluble calix[4]resorcinarene sulfonic acid as a reusable multifunctional
catalyst allows an environmentally benign synthesis of benzylic and allylic
amines. The aqueous phase containing the catalyst can be readily recycled.
S. Shirakawa, S. Shimizu, Synlett, 2008,
1539-1542.
KF-Celite is an efficient, inexpensive, noncorrosive, and environmentally
friendly catalyst for the allylation of anilines. By using only a 1/1.2
stoichiometric ratio of electrophilic reagent to aniline, monoallylated products
are obtained in high isolated yields in very short reaction times.
V. Pace, F. Martínez, M. Fernández, J. V. Sinisterra, A. R. Alcántara, Org. Lett., 2007,
9, 2661-2664.
Iridium-catalyzed allylation of potassium trifluoroacetamide or the highly
reactive ammonia equivalent lithium di-tert-butyliminodicarboxylate forms
a range of conveniently protected, primary, α-branched allylic amines in high
yields, high branched-to-linear regioselectivities, and high enantiomeric excess.
M. J. Pouy, A. Leitner, D. J. Weix, S. Ueno, J. F. Hartwig, Org. Lett., 2007,
9, 3949-3952.
A Pd-catalysed termolecular allenylation cascade followed by a Ru catalysed RCM
process affords a diverse range of Δ3-aryl/heteroaryl substituted
five-seven membered nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles.
H. A. Dondas, B. Clique, B. Cetinkaya, R. Grigg, C. Kilner, J. Morris, V.
Sridharan, Tetrahedron, 2005,
61, 10652-10666.
A Ni-catalyzed intermolecular enantioselective hydroamination of branched
1,3-dienes with linear or α-branched aliphatic primary amines or secondary
amines provides valuable chiral allylic
amines. The reaction is broadly applicable and highly regio-, chemo-,
and enantioselective.
G. Tran, W. Shao, C. Mazet, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2019,
141, 14814-14822.
Various allyl carbonates have been converted under Fe catalysis into
essentially regio- and stereoisomerically pure allyl amines. Catalytic
amounts of piperidinium hydrochloride as a buffer retard catalyst
decomposition.
B. Plietker, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2006,
45, 6053-6056.
A catalytic asymmetric synthesis of unprotected secondary allylic amines based
on the aza-Claisen rearrangement of N-aryl- and N-alkyl-substituted
trifluoroacetimidates has been developed, which provides the targeted products
with excellent enantioselectivity.
Z.-q. Xin, D. F. Fischer, R. Peters, Synlett, 2008,
1495-1499.
COP-Cl catalyzes the rearrangement of (E)-allylic trichloroacetimidates to
provide transposed allylic trichloroacetamides of high enantiopurity. This
practical method for transforming prochiral allylic alcohols to
enantioenriched allylic amines offers high functional group compatibility.
C. E. Anderson, L. E. Overman, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2003,
125, 12412-12413.
Privileged allylic amine structures can be constructed in a regioselective,
stereoselective, and diversity-oriented manner by a novel
palladium-catalyzed four-component assembly based on allenylboronate
platform. A short synthesis of rolipram is also demonstrated.
K. Tonogaki, K. Itami, J.-I. Yoshida, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2006,
128, 1464-1465.
The synthesis and properties of different planar chiral
1-phosphino-2-sulfenylferrocene ligands are reported. Very high
enantioselectivities were obtained in the palladium-catalyzed allylic
substitution of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate and nitrogen nucleophiles using readily
available tert-butylsulfenyl derivatives.
O. G. Mancheno, J. Priego, S. Cabrera, R. G. Arrayas, T. Llamas, J. C.
Carretero, J. Org. Chem., 2003, 68, 3679-3686.
A mild, gold(I)-catalyzed hydroamination of 1,3-dienes is reported. Various
carbamates and sulfonamides add to conjugated dienes to affort protected
allylic amines in good to high yields.
C. Brouwer, C. He, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2006,
45, 1744-1747.
Bi(OTf)3/Cu(CH3CN)4PF6
efficiently catalyzes an intermolecular 1:1 hydroamination of 1,3-dienes
with various carbamates, sulfonamides, and carboxamides to afford allylic
amines in good yield.
H. Qin, N. Yamagiwa, S. Matsunaga, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2006,
128, 1611-1614.
An unprecedented regio-controllable Ir-catalyzed allylic amination of
unactivated dienyl and trienyl allylic alcohols provides C1-, C3-, and
C5-/C7-amination products. Key to this protocol is the use of secondary amines
as the amination reagents and scandium triflate as additive.
S. Tang, Z. Li, Y. Shao, J. Sun,
Org. Lett., 2019, 21, 7228-7232.
An unprecedented regio-controllable Ir-catalyzed allylic amination of
unactivated dienyl and trienyl allylic alcohols provides C1-, C3-, and
C5-/C7-amination products. Key to this protocol is the use of secondary amines
as the amination reagents and scandium triflate as additive.
S. Tang, Z. Li, Y. Shao, J. Sun,
Org. Lett., 2019, 21, 7228-7232.
A Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination of 4-substituted
2-acetoxybut-3-enoates with amines provides chiral α,β-unsaturated γ-amino
esters in good yield and high ee. The products can be conveniently transformed
to chiral γ-amino acid/alcohol derivatives and chiral γ-lactams.
C. Xia, J. Shen, D. Liu, W. Zhang, Org. Lett.,
2017, 19, 4251-4254.
Silyl carbamates undergo allylation using allylic fluorides in the presence
of common Lewis base catalysts. The reactions are rendered enantioselective in
the presence of chiral Lewis base catalysts and produce suitably protected
derivatives of enantioenriched chiral β-amino acids.
M. Lange, F. L. Meyer, O. Nosovska, I. Vilotijevic, Org. Lett., 2023, 25,
9097-9102.
Silyl carbamates undergo allylation using allylic fluorides in the presence
of common Lewis base catalysts. The reactions are rendered enantioselective in
the presence of chiral Lewis base catalysts and produce suitably protected
derivatives of enantioenriched chiral β-amino acids.
M. Lange, F. L. Meyer, O. Nosovska, I. Vilotijevic, Org. Lett., 2023, 25,
9097-9102.
An enantioselective alkoxycarbonylation-amination cascade process of terminal
allenes with CO, methanol, and arylamines proceeds under mild conditions (r.t.,
ambient pressure CO) via oxidative Pd(II) catalysis using a chiral aromatic
spiroketal-based diphosphine ligand and a Cu(II) salt as an oxidant to afford
various α-methylene-β-arylamino acid esters in good yields with excellent
enantioselectivity and high regioselectivity.
J. Liu, Z. Han, X. Wang, Z. Wang, K. Ding, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2015,
137, 15346-15349.
A direct Fe-catalyzed synthesis of β-alkyl N-aryl aza Baylis-Hillman
(ABH) adducts involves the formation of a C–N bond via a nitroso-ene reaction.
This is a simple, fast, and best alternate method to overcome the substrate
scope limitations of the ABH reaction. Various arylhydroxylamines reacted with
esters, aldehydes, ketone, and nitriles to yield the corresponding products in
good yields.
S. Murru, A. A. Gallo, R. S. Srivastava, J. Org. Chem., 2012,
77, 7119-7123.
A mild and efficient photocatalytic vinylogous reaction of dienolates with
N-amino pyridinium salts provides γ-amido carbonyl compounds. This process
is high-yielding, scalable, and tolerates a broad range of starting materials.
K. F. Szabó, K. Goliszewska, J. Szurmak, K. Rybicka-Jasińska, D. Gryko, Org. Lett., 2022, 24,
8120-8124.
A palladium-catalyzed allylic amination enables an asymmetric synthesis of
α,α-disubstituted allylic N-arylamines from highly modular vinyl cyclic
carbonates and unactivated aromatic amine nucleophiles. The catalytic process
features minimal waste production, high asymmetric induction, and operational
simplicity.
A. Cai, W. Guo, L. Martínez-Rodríguez, A. W. Kleij, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016,
138, 14194-14197.
A regio- and enantioselective amination of racemic tertiary allylic
trichloroacetimidates with a variety of aniline nucleophiles in the presence of
a chiral diene-ligated rhodium catalyst is a direct and efficient route to
chiral α,α-disubstituted allylic N-arylamines in good yields with very
good levels of regio- and enantioselectivity.
J. S. Arnold, H. M. Nguyen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012,
134, 8380-8383.
A highly enantioselective and catalytic vinylation of aldehydes leads to
allylic alcohols that are then transformed to the allylic amines via
Overman's [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of imidates. Oxidative cleavage of
the allylic amines furnishes amino acids in good yields and excellent ee's.
The scope and utility of this method are demonstrated by the synthesis of
challenging allylic amines and their subsequent transformation to valuable
nonproteinogenic amino acids, including both D and L configured
(1-adamantyl)glycine.
Y. K. Chen. A. E. Lurain, P. J. Walsh, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002,
124, 12225-12231.
3-Pyrroline has been prepared from (Z)-1,4-dichloro-2-butene in three
steps in an overall yield of 74%. The Delépine Reaction permitted the
monoamination of the substrate in practically quantitative yields. The
subsequent ring-closing reaction was less efficient.
S. Brandänge, B. Rodriquez, Synthesis, 1988,
347-348.
The synthesis of isomerically pure allylic amines, including farnesyl amine,
is achieved in excellent yields using a modified Gabriel synthesis.
S. E. Sen, S. L. Roach, Synthesis, 1995, 756-758.
Conjugated enynes undergo selective 1,4-hydroamination under Pd catalysis to
deliver chiral allenes with pendant allylic amines. Several primary and
secondary aliphatic and aryl-substituted amines couple with a wide range of
mono- and disubstituted enynes in a nonenantioselective reaction where DPEphos
serves as the ligand. Benzophenone can be used as an ammonia surrogate.
N. J. Adamson, H. Jeddi, S. J. Malcolmson, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2019,
141, 8574-8583.
The utilization of unprotected NH2OH, which is not only an oxygen nucleophile
but also a nitrogen nucleophile, in iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution
provides N-(1-allyl)hydroxylamines in good to high yields with high
level of chemoselectivities, regioselectivities, and enantioselectivities under mild,
carefully adjusted reaction conditions.
J. Chen, Q. Liang, X. Zhao,
Org. Lett., 2019, 21, 5383-5386.
A HFIP-assisted allenamide activation enables metal-free regioselective
intermolecular interception of amines to provide 1,3-diamines. Exclusive N-chemoselectivity
and regioselectivity were achieved for a broad range of substrates. Experimental
mechanistic studies revealed that 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol mediates the
proton transfer for activation of the allenamide.
K. Sagar, T. R. Pradhan, A. O. Farah, H. R. Wise, B. C. Merja, M. Srimannarayana,
P. H.-Y. Cheong, J. K. Park, Org. Lett., 2023, 25,
5574-5578.
Intramolecular addition of tosylureas to allenes is highly syn-/anti-diastereoselective
when employing a palladium or rhodium-based catalytic system and affords
1,3-cyclic ureas in excellent yields. The obtained
tetrahydropyrimidinones are easily deprotected and modified.
A. G. A. Geissler, K. R. Riesterer, B. Breit, Org. Lett., 2021, 23,
9168-9172.
A boryl-directed intermolecular C-H amination of allyl N-methyliminodiacetyl
boronates (B(MIDA)s) and propargylic B(MIDA)s provide α-amino boronates with an
exceptionally high level of site-selectivity. A wide variety of highly
functionalized secondary and tertiary α-amino boronates are formed in very good
yields under mild reaction conditions.
Y. Liu, Z.-H. Chen, Y. Li, J. Qian, Q. Li, H. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2022, 144, 14380-14387.
Related
Catalytic access to thermodynamically less stable Z-alkenes have relied upon
kinetic control of the reaction. A mild and simple orthogonal approach proceeds
via photochemically catalyzed isomerization of the thermodynamic E-alkene
to the less stable Z-isomer via a photochemical pumping mechanism.
K. Singh, S. J. Staig, J. D. Weaver, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014,
136, 5275-5278.