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Synthesis of isoureas

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A three-component coupling reaction of alcohols or thiols with N,N-dibromoarylsulfonamides and isonitrile and in the presence of K2CO3 provides both isoureas and isothioureas in very good yields. This metal-free process proceeds via carbodiimide intermediate at room temperature within a very short reaction time.
D. Mishra, P. Phukan, J. Org. Chem., 2021, 86, 17581-17593.


A very fast, microwave-assisted formation of carboxylic esters via reaction of carboxylic acids with O-alkylisoureas derived from primary and secondary alcohols proceeds in good yields with clean inversion of configuration where appropriate. The reaction works well with very hindered carboxylic acids.
A. Chighine, S. Crosignani, M.-C. Arnal, M. Bradley, B. Linclau, J. Org. Chem., 2009, 74, 4638-4641.


A highly efficient rhodium-catalyzed tandem reaction of isocyanides with azides and various oxygen nucleophiles provides various N-sulfonyl/acylisoureas with broad substrate scope in an atom-economical manner.
X.-B. Bu, Z.-X. Zhang, Q.-Q. Peng, X. Xu, Y.-L. Zhao, J. Org. Chem., 2019, 84, 53-59.