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Synthesis of α-Diazo Ketones

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Reaction of trimethylsilyldiazomethane with a mixed anhydride derived from a carboxylic acid and ethyl chloroformate yields the corresponding diazoketone in high yield. Subsequent Wolff rearrangement of the diazoketone leads to the homologated ester. Reactions of trimethylsilyldiazomethane with convenient active esters are described.
J. Cesar, M. Sollner Dolenc, Tetrahedron Lett., 2001, 42, 7099-7102.


A 'sulfonyl-azide-free' ('SAFE') protocol for diazo transfer to CH-acidic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has been extended to less reactive monocarbonyl substrates. In situ formylation, followed by the addition of an optimized amount of a mixture of sodium azide, potassium carbonate, and m-carboxybenzenesulfonyl chloride in water (SAFE cocktail) led to the formation of the desired diazo compounds.
D. Dar'in, G. Kantin, M. Krasavin, Synthesis, 2019, 51, 4284-4292.


The reaction of 1,3-diketones, TsN3, and MeNH2 in EtOH enables a highly efficient synthesis of α-diazoketone via a tandem reaction including a novel primary amine-catalyzed Regitz diazo transfer of 1,3-diketones and a novel primary amine-mediated C-C bond cleavage of 2-diazo-1,3-diketones.
J. Zhang, W. Chen, D. Huang, X. Zeng, X. Wang, Y. Hu, J. Org. Chem., 2017, 82, 9171-9174.


α-Aryl-α-diazo ketones derived from direct diazo transfer with α-aryl ketones cyclize efficiently in the presence of Rh catalysts to give the corresponding α-aryl cyclopentanones.
D. F. Taber, W. Tian, J. Org. Chem., 2007, 72, 3207-3210.


Various diazoacetates were synthesized from the corresponding bromoacetates by treatment with N,N'-ditosylhydrazine in moderate to high yields. Ease of operation with the stable crystalline reagent as well as a short reaction time offer a useful alternative to the conventional methods.
T. Toma, J. Shimokawa, T. Fukuyama, Org. Lett., 2007, 9, 3195-3197.


2-Azido-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (ADT) as an intrinsically safe, highly efficient, and shelf-stable diazo-transfer reagent. ADT is very stable upon >1 year storage under air at room temperature. Diazo-transfer reactions based on ADT give diazo compounds in excellent yields within several minutes at room temperature.
S. Xie, Z. Yan, Y. Li, Q. Song, M. Ma, J. Org. Chem., 2018, 83, 10916-10921.


Sulfonyl azides are potentially hazardous due to their propensity for explosive decomposition under various reaction conditions. Polymer-supported benzenesulfonyl azide provides a diazo transfer reagent with improved process safety characteristics and thus offers an excellent reactant for laboratory use.
G. M. Green, N. P. Peet, W. A. Metz, J. Org. Chem., 2001, 66, 2509-2511.


2-Azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (ADMC) can be prepared by N-nitrosation of N-aminoguanidine or by the reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride and sodium azide. The corresponding crystalline phosphate salt (ADMP) is a stable and safe reagent. Both ADMC and ADMP reacted with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under mild conditions to give 2-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in high yields.
M. Kitamura, N. Tashiro, S. Miyagawa, T. Okauchi, Synthesis, 2011, 1037-1044.


Diazo transfer from 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride to 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds proceeds under mild conditions to give 2-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in high yields, which are easily isolated because the by-products are highly soluble in water.
M. Kitamura, N. Tashiro, T. Okauchi, Synlett, 2009, 2931-2934.


Diazo-transfer reactions with tosyl azide followed by efficient chromatographic purifications on silica gel and/or alumina enable a practical protocol for the large-scale preparation of 2-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
M. Presset, D. Mailhol, Y. Coquerel, J. Rodriguez, Synthesis, 2011, 2549-2552.


The reaction of triflyl azide with α-nitrocarbonyl compounds in the presence of pyridine enables a highly efficient preparation of α-nitro-α-diazocarbonyl derivatives.
A. B. Charette, R. P. Wurz, T. Ollevier, J. Org. Chem., 2000, 65, 9252-9254.