Categories: C=N Bond Formation >
Synthesis of oximes
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In the presence of zinc oxide and without any additional organic solvents,
Beckmann rearrangement of several ketones and aldehydes were performed in
good yields.
H. Sharghi, M. Hosseini, Synthesis, 2002, 1057-1059.
A new synthesis of enamides from ketones involves a phosphine-mediated reductive
acylation of oximes. The resulting enamides are isolated in good yields and
excellent purity.
H. Zhao, C. P. Vandenbossche, S. G. Koenig, S. P. Singh, R. P. Bakale, Org. Lett., 2008,
10, 505-507.
An efficient visible-light-driven iron-catalyzed decarboxylative C-N coupling
reaction of alkyl carboxylic acids with NaNO2 provides oximes in very
good yields under mild, photosensitizer-free conditions. The reaction offers
broad functional group tolerance and an easy operation.
S. Yang, Y. Wang, W. Xu, X. Tian, M. Bao, X. Yu, Org. Lett., 2023, 25,
8834-8838.
The use of m-CPBA as an oxidant in ethyl acetate enables an efficient,
rapid oxidation of various aliphatic amines to oximes in high conversion with
>90% oxime selectivity at room temperature under catalyst-free conditions.
V. V. Patil, E. M. Gayakwad, G. S. Shankarling, J. Org. Chem.,
2016,
81, 781-786.
J. P. Waldo, R. C. Larock, Org. Lett.,
2005, 7, 5203-5205.
With a simple two-step procedure involving substitution with readily available
TsNHOTBS and subsequent treatment with CsF, a range of oximes were prepared from
the corresponding alcohols, alkyl halides, or alkyl sulfonates without using
external oxidants.
K. Kitahara, T. Toma, J. Shimokawa, T. Fukuyama, Org. Lett., 2008,
10, 2259-2261.
The reaction of N-alkylhydroxylamines and aqueous
hydroxylamine with monosubstituted allenes gives nitrones and oximes,
respectively,
in good yields. DFT calculations support a
proposed concerted, five-membered Cope-type hydroamination process, and calculated
transition state energies are in excellent agreement with experimental
observations.
J. Moran, J. Y. Pfeiffer, S. I. Gorelsky, A. M. Beauchemin, Org. Lett., 2009,
11, 1895-1898.
A general, efficient, and metal-free method for aerobic oxidation of primary
benzylamines to the corresponding oximes in good yields is catalyzed by N,N′,N″-trihydroxyisocyanuric
acid in the presence of acetaldoxime and water as solvent. This practical method
uses air as economic and green oxidant, water as green solvent, and tolerates a
wide range of substrates.
J. Yu, M. Lu,
Synlett, 2014, 25, 1873-1878.
A number of new reactions of IBX with heteroatom-containing substrates were
discovered and their utility was demonstrated. IBX was used for the generation
of imines from secondary amines in notably high yields, for the oxidative
aromatization of nitrogen heterocycles and for the cleavage of dithianes.
K. C. Nicolaou, C. J. N. Mathison, T. Montagnon, Angew.
Chem., 2003, 115, 4211-4216.
A convenient, environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of optically
active aldoximes and nitriles starting from chiral nitroalkanes was
developed.
C. Czekelius, E. M. Carreira, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005,
44, 612-615.
Related
Syntheses of oximes either provide mixtures of E and Z isomers
or the thermodynamically preferred E isomer. Photoisomerization of aryl
oximes via visible-light-mediated energy transfer (EnT) catalysis enables a mild
and general method to achieve Z isomers. In a one-pot protocol for oxime
isomerization and subsequent Beckmann rearrangement, alkyl groups migrate
preferentially over aryl groups.
X. Zhang, T. Rovis, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2021, 143, 21211-21217.