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Synthesis of imides
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Among the reported examples of new reactivity of the hypervalent iodine
reagent DMP (Dess-Martin periodinane) are the one-step oxidation of
secondary amides to imides and N-acyl vinylogous carbamates or ureas
and the direct oxidation of benzylic and related primary amines to the
corresponding nitriles.
K. C. Nicolaou, C. J. N. Mathison, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005,
44, 5992-5997.
Visible-light-driven oxidations of various N-alkylamides proceed
efficiently under mild conditions to provide imines by using Oxone as the
oxidant in the presence of a catalytic amount of KBr in H2O/CH2Cl2
under irradiation by an 8 W white LED at room temperature. Experimental studies
suggest that an imine, obtained from the substrate amide via a radical process,
is the key intermediate.
C. Mei, Y. Hu, W. Lu, Synthesis, 2018, 50,
2999-3005.
N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) mediates a mild electrochemical
α-oxygenation of a wide range of linear and cyclic benzamides in an undivided
cell using O2 as the oxygen source and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine
perchlorate as an electrolyte.
F. Bai, N. Wang, Y. Bai, X. Ma, C. Gu, B. Dai, J. Chen, J. Org. Chem., 2023, 88,
2985-2998.
A direct coupling of NH-amides with methylarenes under iodine/aqueous TBHP
conditions enables a metal-free synthesis of imides. The optimized conditions
worked also very well with benzaldehydes and benzyl alcohol and furnished the
corresponding imides in good to excellent yields.
H. Aruri, U. Singh, S. Kumar, M. Kushwaha, A. P. Gupta, R. A. Vishwakarma, P. P.
Singh, Org. Lett.,
2016, 18, 3638-3641.
An iodine-catalyzed oxidative C-H/N-H cross-coupling enables an efficient
construction of α-ketoimides in good to excellent yields from methyl ketones and
benzamidines hydrochloride under metal-free and peroxide-free conditions.
X. Wu, Q. Gao, S. Liu, A. Wu, Org. Lett., 2014,
16, 2888-2891.
N-Acyl amino acids can be converted by oxidative decarboxylation induced
by Ag+/Cu2+/S2O82- at
room temperature in water into imides in good yields. Both N-benzoylvaline
and N-benzoylleucine gave N-formylbenzamide, which possibly
results from oxidative cleavage of an enamide intermediate.
W. Huang, M. Wang, H. Yue, Synthesis, 2008,
1342-1344.
The combination of hypervalent iodine(III) and TMSN3 promotes an
oxidative cleavage of C-C double bonds of enamides under an air atmosphere. This
method exhibits good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope and mild
conditions. The reaction also offers an approach to cyanobenzamides with
synthetic potential for the preparation of industrial and pharmaceutical
nitrogen- and oxygen-containing molecules.
G. Liu, Y. Li, J. Sheng, X.-S. Wang, Synthesis, 2017,
49, 3968-3974.